Differentiate Between Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Disease Prevention Strategies

You may be familiar with this saying, which implies that it is better to take precautions early on than deal with the consequences of something later.

When it comes to your health, there are three levels of prevention: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary . Let's explore them further!

Primary prevention is focused on intervening before disease occurs with the goal of preventing individuals from ever developing a disease. These are things that you can do to help prevent a disease from developing.

Target Population: An entire population, includinghealthy individuals.

Examples

• Immunizations to prevent infectious illnesses, such as the flu.

• Engaging in healthy habits, such as being physically active and choosing nutritious foods.

• Policies, programs, and messages that encourage healthy behaviors (e.g. community bike paths) and discourage unhealthy practices (e,g, smoking).

Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent or delay progression.

Target Population: Individuals at higher risk for a disease.

Examples

• Early screenings for certain diseases, such as mammograms or colonoscopies.

• A nutrition program for those at high risk for heart disease.

• A diabetes prevention course for those at risk of developing diabetes.

Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the severity of a disease after it has developed and improve the quality of life of individuals with a disease.

Target Population: Individuals with a disease.

Examples

• Rehabilitation programs, such as an exercise program for heart attack survivors.

• Support groups for individuals to share their experiences and offer advice.

• Medication, like to lower the blood sugar of those with diabetes.

Ischemic heart disease, also called coronary heart disease, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Below is one example from each level of prevention related to heart disease. Can you think of more examples for each level?

Primary Prevention

• Engaging in physical activity on a regular basis.

Secondary Prevention

• Medication to reduce blood pressure because high blood pressure can lead to heart disease.

Tertiary Prevention

• Insertion of a pacemaker after a heart attack.

Remember that quote from the beginning? "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."

What is one thing you can do today (an ounce of effort) that can help prevent disease in your future?

Take charge of your own health! Add some movement into your daily routine and balance out your meals with nutrient-rich foods.